Seminar Topic: Ultra Capacitors

Introduction

An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), also known as supercapacitor, supercondenser, electrochemical double layer capacitor, or ultracapacitor, is an electrochemical capacitor with relatively high energy density. Their energy density is typically hundreds of times greater than conventional electrolytic capacitors. They also have a much higher power density than batteries or fuel cells.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Tidal Power

Introduction

Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity. Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal power has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Power electronics

Introduction
Power electronic converters can be found wherever there is a need to modify a form of electrical energy (i.e. change its voltage, current or frequency). The power range of these converters is from some milliwatts (as in a mobile phone) to hundreds of megawatts (e.g. in a HVDC transmission system). With "classical" electronics, electrical currents and voltage are used to carry information, whereas with power electronics, they carry power. Thus, the main metric of power electronics becomes the efficiency.

Difficulty : Hard

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Seminar Topic: Load Shedding

Introduction

A rolling blackout, also referred to as load shedding, is an intentionally-engineered electrical power outage where electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over geographical regions. Rolling blackouts are a last-resort measure used by an electric utility company in order to avoid a total blackout of the power system. They are usually in response to a situation where the demand for electricity exceeds the power supply capability of the network. Rolling blackouts may be localised to a specific part of the electricity network or may be more widespread and affect entire countries and continents. Rolling blackouts generally result from two causes: insufficient generation capacity or inadequate transmission infrastructure to deliver sufficient power to the area where it is needed.

Difficulty : Hard

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Seminar Topic: Fuel Cells

Introduction

A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.

Difficulty : Hard

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Seminar Topic: Common Gateway Interface

Introduction
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard method for web servers software to delegate the generation of web pages to executable files. Such files are known as CGI scripts; they are programs, often stand-alone applications, usually written in a scripting language.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Breeder Reactor

Introduction
A breeder reactor is a reactor to generate electricity and other reactor fuels. It can produce high fissile material due to the high amount of neutrons. Their fuel economy is also very good. When more uranium reserves were found then interest in breeder reactors was reduced.

Difficulty : Hard

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Seminar Topic: Biosensors

Introduction

A biosensor is an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component and an analytical tool. A common example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose biosensor, which uses the enzyme glucose oxidase blood glucose is broken. In doing so it first oxidizes glucose and uses two electrons FADH2 FAD (a component of the enzyme) is low. This in turn is oxidized by the electrode, in a number of steps (accepting two electrons from the electrode). The resulting current is a measure of the concentration of glucose. In this case, electrode transducer and the enzyme is biologically active components.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Asynchronous Circuit

Introduction

In an asynchronous circuit the circuit parts do not need an external clock to synchronise them. They work by waiting for the signals for operations to get completed and then execute next action.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Artificial pacemaker

Introduction

A pacemaker is a device that uses electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart. The purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate. Modern pacemakers are programmable and allow the cardiologist to select the optimum pacing modes for individual patients.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Transducer

Introduction
A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another. Energy types include (but are not limited to) electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic (including light), chemical, acoustic or thermal energy. While the term transducer commonly implies the use of a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transducer. Transducers are widely used in measuring instruments.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Nuclear Fusion

Introduction
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy. Fusion is the process that powers active stars, the hydrogen bomb and experimental devices examining fusion power for electrical generation.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Electrical Grid

Introduction

An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers. It consists of three main components: 1) generating plants that produce electricity from combustible fuels (coal, natural gas, biomass) or non-combustible fuels (wind, solar, nuclear, hydro power); 2) transmission lines that carry electricity from power plants to demand centers; and 3) transformers that reduce voltage so distribution lines carry power for final delivery.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Cluster Computing

Introduction
A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely connected computers that work together so that in many respects they can be viewed as a single system. The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks, each node running its own instance on an operating system. Computer clusters emerged as a result of convergence of a number of computing trends including the availability of low cost microprocessors, high speed networks, and software for high performance distributed computing.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Blu Ray Disc

Introduction

Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the norm for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Automatic Meter Reading

Introduction

Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Entrepreneurship

Introduction

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as "one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods". This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity.

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: GIS and GPS Technology

Introduction
A geographic information system, geographical information science, or geospatial information studies is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The system imposes some technical limitations which are only removed for authorized users.

Difficulty : Hard

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Seminar Topic: Real-Time Facial Recognition

Introduction

The US Department of Defense (DoD) Counterdrug Technology Development Program Office sponsored the Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program. The goal of the FERET program was to develop automatic face recognition capabilities that could be employed to assist security, intelligence, and law enforcement personnel in the performance of their duties. The program consisted of three major elements:

Difficulty : Medium

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Seminar Topic: Magnetic Levitation

Introduction

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic pressure is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational and any other accelerations. Earnshaw's theorem proves that using only static ferromagnetism it is impossible to stably levitate against gravity, but servomechanisms, the use of diamagnetic materials, superconduction, or systems involving eddy currents permit this to occur.

Difficulty : Medium

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